Table 2 Ferroptosis inhibitors targeting sarcoma cells and other cells

① Ferroptosis inhibitors in sarcoma

 Bathophenanthrolined-isulfonic acid (BPS)

Iron chelator

Fe²⁺ ↓

C2C12, U57810 (rhabdomyosarcoma)

[92]

 Bisindolylmaleimide I and Gö6976

Protein kinase C inhibitor

Lipid peroxides ↓

RD, RH18, RH30

[151]

 Deferoxamine

(DFO)

Iron chelator

Fe²⁺ ↓

MG63, HOS (Osteosarcoma); HT1080 (fibrosarcoma)

[6, 146]

 Diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI) and GKT137831

NOX inhibitor

NOX-mediated lipid peroxidation ↓, ROS ↓

RD, RH18, RH30

[151]

 Fanconi anemia complementation group D2 (FANCD2)

JAK2/STAT3 pathway inhibitor, FTH1 ↑, GPX4 ↑, COX2 ↓, LIP ↓

GPX4 ↑, Fe²⁺ ↓, ROS ↓

MG-63, U2OS, hFOB1.19 (Osteosarcoma)

[172]

 Ferrostatin-1

Radical-trapping antioxidants

ROS ↓,

lipid peroxides ↓

HT1080, MG63, HOS, C2C12, RD, RH18, RH30, HEK-29, HT22, etc

(various sarcomas)

[6, 92, 146, 151, 173]

 Liproxstatin-1

Radical-trapping antioxidants

ROS ↓,

lipid peroxides ↓

HT1080, MG63, HOS,

HEK-29, HT22

(various sarcomas)

[6, 146, 173]

 LncRNA- SNHG14

Down-regulating miR-206

GSH ↑

NR-SJSA1 (nutlin3a-resistant osteosarcoma)

[174]

 Mitochondrial NADP + -dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH2)

NADPH production

GSH ↑

HT1080 (fibrosarcoma); Hepa1-6 (hepatoma)

[175]

 N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), Glutathione (GSH)

Antioxidant, GSH supplement

GSH ↑, ROS ↓

HT1080, C2C12, U57810 (rhabdomyosarcoma)

[6, 92, 97]

 Pifithrin-α

p53 inhibitor

GSH ↑

MG63, HOS

(Osteosarcoma)

[146]

 Vitamin E and tocopherols

Antioxidant, LOX inhibitor

ROS ↓,

lipid peroxides ↓

MG63, HOS (Osteosarcoma), Pfa1

[21, 146]

 ZnPPIX

Down-regulating HMOX1

Fe²⁺ ↓, GPX4 ↑, ROS ↓, MDA ↓

SW872 (liposarcoma),

MG63 (osteosarcoma)

[144]

② Ferroptosis inhibitors in other cells

 1-methyl tryptophan

Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitor,

up-regulating SLC7A11,

reduction of nitrative stress

GSH ↑

LO2

[176]

 AA-861

5-LOX inhibitor

ROS ↓,

lipid peroxides ↓

HEK-293 T, G401

[177, 178]

 Baicalein

12/15-LOX inhibitor

ROS ↓,

lipid peroxides ↓

PANC1, BxPc3;

Jurkat, Molt-4

[179, 180]

 Butylated hydroxyanisole and butylated hydroxytoluene

Antioxidant

ROS ↓,

lipid peroxides ↓

HT1080;

male C57BL/6 J mice

[97, 181]

 β-mercaptoethanol (2ME)

Reduction of cystine to cysteine

GSH ↑

BMDMΦ and

OT-1 CD8⁺ T cells

[6, 182]

 CoQ10, idebenone

Antioxidant

ROS ↓,

lipid peroxides ↓

U-2 OS, NCI-H460,

NCI-H2291, NCI-H1703, NCI-H446, HT1080

[62, 63]

 Dopamine

Improvement of stability of GPX4

GPX4 ↑

HEK293, PANC1, HEY, MEF

[183]

 Selenium

Active group of GPX4

GPX4 ↑

HT-1080, MEFs

[58]

 Zileuton

5-LOX inhibitor

ROS ↓,

lipid peroxides ↓

Pfa1, HT22

[21, 184]